When I using 3rd party application such as Snapchat, WhatsApp, or Instagram, I cannot adjust camera angle of view.

A: Unlike using preloaded camera application, when shooting a front or rear camera with a 3rd party camera applications, the angle of view may be narrow or the camera may not be able to capture a wide scene.

When capturing on Galaxy S10 series with the preloaded camera app, two angle of view on the front camera and three angle of view(two angle of view are available on S10e) on rear camera are supported like below. 

Therefore this operation is not device faulty and if  you want to adjust angle of view on front or rear camera, please use Samsung’s camera application.